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Canadian Dollar

The Canadian dollar (symbol: $; code: CAD; French: dollar canadien) is the official currency of Canada. There is no standard disambiguating form, but the abbreviations Can$, CA$ and C$ are frequently used for distinction from other currencies, particularly the US dollar. The base unit is the dollar; each is divided into 100 cents (symbol: ¢). Owing to the image of a common loon on its reverse, the country's dollar coin, and sometimes the dollar itself, may be referred to as the loonie by English-speaking Canadians and foreign exchange traders and analysts. Likewise, amongst French-speaking Canadians, the French word for loon, huard, is also commonly used. Accounting for approximately two per cent of all global reserves, as of January 2024 the Canadian dollar is the fifth-most held reserve currency in the world, behind the US dollar, euro, yen, and sterling. The Canadian dollar is popular with central banks because of Canada's relative economic soundness, the Canadian government's strong sovereign position, and the stability of the country's legal and political systems.

Russian Ruble

The ruble (or rouble) (Russian: рубль, romanized: rublʹ, [ˈrublʲ] ; symbol: ₽; ISO code: RUB) is the official currency of the Russian Federation. Banknotes and coins are issued by the Central Bank of Russia, which is Russia's monetary authority independent of all other government bodies. Each ruble is technically subdivided into 100 kopeyka (kopecks), but kopeck-denominated coins are now rarely used due to inflation. It is the second-oldest currency in continuous use, after British sterling. It was also the first decimal currency. The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, where it was known as the Soviet ruble (code: SUR, 810). Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Soviet ruble was replaced in Russia with the Russian ruble (code: RUR, 810) at par in the following year. The Russian ruble continued to be used in 11 post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993. In 1998, the ruble was redenominated (code: RUB, 643) shortly before the 1998 financial crisis, at a rate of 1000 RUR = 1 RUB. The ruble is a free-floating currency, and in 2023, the digital ruble was introduced. The Russian ruble is also used as a de facto legal tender in Baikonur, Abkhazia and South Ossetia.